Europe’s economy needs assist. Political chaos in France and Germany means it may be slower in coming

BRUSSELS — Even before the French and German governments collapsed, Europe’s economy had enough difficulties. Tepid growth and lagging competitiveness versus the U.S. and China. An auto industry that’s struggling. Where to discover billions for defense against Russia? And now Donald Trump threatening tariffs.

Solutions will be harder to discover while the two countries that make up almost half of the eurozone economy remain stuck in political paralysis well into 2025.

Where once there was the so-called French-German axis to push Europe ahead, now there’s a vacuum. French Prime Minister Michel Barnier resigned Thursday after losing a vote of confidence, and while President Emmanuel Macron will appoint a successor, the recent head of government will lack a majority. Elections are not constitutionally permitted until at least June.

Germany’s coalition led by Social Democratic Chancellor Olaf Scholz with the Greens and pro-business Free Democrats fractured in November, triggering an early election on Feb. 23. Talks to form a recent government could last into April.

At least Germany’s likely recent chancellor, conservative opposition chief Friedrich Merz, appears open to loosening constitutional restrictions on borrowing to enable pro-growth spending and fund, said Mujtaba Rahman, managing director Europe at Eurasia throng.

France, however, could be facing “complete paralysis on the economic question,” Rahman said. “It’s highly unlikely they’re going to get a political equilibrium that has a mandate to implement a credible financial course correction.”

“And that’s obviously a issue for Europe because it means the great potential of the European economy is not what it otherwise should be, because you don’t have France and Germany firing on all cylinders,” he said.

Then there’s Europe’s lagging business surroundings, dissected by former European Central financial institution head Mario Draghi in a update that contains recommendations such as ordinary borrowing to back community fund; EU-wide industrial policy; and integrating monetary markets to assist startups raise fund. Yet “nothing can shift in Europe without Franco-German alignment,” Rahman said.

Meanwhile, Europe’s auto industry has sought a review of tough EU emissions standards in 2025 instead of 2026, saying slackening demand for electric cars means they won’t be able to avoid heavy fines and that the money would be better used to develop recent electric vehicles.

Anne-Laure Delatte, a French economist and head of research at the National Center for Scientific Research, said monetary markets remain cautious but are not overly alarmed by France’s political instability. But economic weakness in France and Germany could have broader implications for the European Union.

“This could either weaken Europe’s position globally or shift power and influence to other European countries like the Netherlands or Spain, which are performing well at the instant,” she said.

France is expected to view growth of 1.1% this year and 0.8% next year, while Germany’s economy is expected to reduce 0.1% this year, the second consecutive year of contraction, and rebound modestly with 0.7% next year. Germany faces headwinds from a shortage of talented labor, excessive bureaucracy and higher vigor prices, and efforts to address those issues have been stalled by squabbling in Scholz’s coalition.

European fee President Ursula von der Leyen, head of the EU’s executive arm, is equipped with solemn powers, especially on trade, a key EU authority delegated to Brussels by member countries. But there’s only so much von der Leyen can do without political backing from the two biggest member countries, whose national budgets are bigger than the EU’s.

The most urgent matter may be how to respond to U.S. President-elect Donald Trump, who takes office Jan. 20. European officials are trying to defuse a potential trade dispute involving recent U.S. tariffs or import taxes on European goods that would seriously ding the continent’s export-concentrated economy.

Europe could decide not to retaliate to any U.S. tariffs, thus avoiding a mutually destructive tit-for-tat pattern. The bloc could also commit to buying U.S. liquefied natural gas to mollify Trump, or spend billions more on defense for Ukraine to respond his complaint that European countries don’t meet NATO commitments on defense spending.

Europe is seeing only modest growth as consumers pummeled by expense boost remain cautious about spending. The economy is expected to expand 0.8% this year and 1.3% next year for the 20 EU member countries that use the euro money, according to the European fee.

While the direct impact on growth is tiny, the political logjam means Europe is missing an significant chance to engage Trump, said Holger Schmieding, chief economist at Berenberg financial institution.

“It would be ideal if Europe — at the instant when Trump is not yet in office — would prepare a large propose for Trump, such as: We spend significantly more on defense, if on trade and on Ukraine you don’t disappoint us. This is unfortunately not happening.”

“The hazard is that Trump on trade might be tougher on us than otherwise because Germany and France are missing in action,” he said.

Von der Leyen can propose to get countries to purchase more U.S. natural gas and prompt Trump that the EU could retaliate, but “the propose that Europe can make to Trump is tiny, rather than a large propose where there would be German and French money behind it.”

The EU fee estimates that as much as 500 billion euros ($528 billion) will be needed over the next decade to assist meet the bloc’s safety needs. Defense Commissioner Andrius Kubilius has indicated ordinary defense bonds could raise that enormous sum. But moving ahead without Germany, the bloc’s biggest member, is challenging to imagine.

The large issues such as defense and competitiveness “require the financial and parliamentary resources of the biggest member states and the question is whether Germany and France are in a position to enable that at the European level,” said Rahman.

“I ponder the respond is probably yes, but I feel a bit less sure than I would have had Germany and France not had this very challenging political period.”

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McHugh reported from Frankfurt, Germany. Associated Press reporter Tom Nouvian in Paris contributed.